How to Make a Website using JavaScript
Prerequisites:
While there are some prerequisites you need to have in place so that you know everything you need to build a website using JavaScript, rest assured that anything is achievable. It only requires discipline, dedication, and practice. In the subsequent part of this, we will comprehend the pertinent knowledge, skills, and resources that you need to get to be a web developer using JavaScript.
Basic Understanding of HTML:
HTML (Hypertext Mark-up Language) is the same standard language that is typically used for marking and dividing the other components of web pages. To work effectively with JavaScript, you need to be familiar with HTML basics such as:
- Document Structure: Being aware of the document structure and elements like <!DOCTYPE html>, <head>, and <body> in HTML is also fundamental.
- Elements and Tags: A huge part of the process is getting to know the most basic and basic HTML tags like <div> and <span>, as well as the <p>, <h1>, <ul>, <a>, and the rest of the tags.
- Attributes: Being acquainted with attributes such as id, class, src, href, and others are fundamental in HTML because they are used to alter elements.
- Forms: The language role also entails being well-versed in creating forms and using input elements such as text boxes, checkboxes, radio buttons, and buttons.
Familiarity with CSS:
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is applied to HTML elements in order to solve the problem of their presentation and define the appearance of the web pages. In order to get basic CSS knowledge you will have beautiful websites you have made. Key concepts include:
- Selectors and Properties: To figure out the selectors and rules using the go-as-target elements, such as color, font size, padding, margin, etc., and style accordingly.
- The Box Model: Learning how to do the basic components of graphic design, such as size, positioning, and alignment, that affect its overall layout and design.
- Positioning: Knowledge of positioning techniques, such as relative, absolute, and fixed positioning, is also a must.
- Responsive Design: Fundamental knowledge regarding Media Queries and Responsive Web Design and how to create websites that will respond to different screen sizes.
Introduction to JavaScript:
While you do not need to have worked extensively with the language to begin creating websites using JavaScript, you should at least have a basic working knowledge of JavaScript. This includes:
- Syntax: Willingness to learn the syntax of the language, including variables, data types, operators, loops, as well as conditionals.
- Functions: The learner will come across using functions, for example, parameters, returning value, and scope, which are directly tied to the function.
- Objects and Arrays: Knowing how to cooperate with JavaScript objects and arrays for an effective data update or modification.
- DOM Manipulation: foremost - knowledge about how it is possible to choose, modify, and provide feedback to certain HTML entities using JavaScript.
Development Environment:
Despite the fact that the right development environment is the key to comfortable coding and troubleshooting, the environment must be established correctly. Here's what you need:
- Text Editor or IDE: Pick a simple text editor or an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) that allows you to work on HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. As demonstrated by Visual Studio Code, Atom, and Sublime Text, which are a few of the most popular ones.
- Browser: As a browser, your work will be based on a modern web browser like Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, or Microsoft Edge for testing and running your code.
- Developer Tools: Be familiar with the browser's developer turnarounds and detailed web page debugging.
Integrating JavaScript:
Incorporating JavaScript should be your primary focus if you want to enable the users to carry out important operations on your web page, such as scrolling, rotating, or even entering text on it. JavaScript is the simplest to embed in the HTML document via the <script> tag. In this section, we will look at how the Java scripts can be inserted into a web page as well as mention a couple of their types and when to use them.
1.Inline JavaScript:
In-line JavaScript is script code injected into HTML code hence mixed with the HTML content. This is accomplished by promulgating the JavaScript code inside a <script> tag that would be found either inside the <head> or <body> sections of the HTML page. Here’s an example:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Inline JavaScript Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to My Website</h1>
<button onclick="displayMessage()">Click Me</button>
<script>
function displayMessage() {
alert("Hello, World!");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
The JS function displayMessage was defined directly in the HTML file so when the button was pressed, it called the displayMessagefunc. Although inline JavaScript is always easy for short programs, it is unsuitable for complicated applications due to its lack of fame.
2.External JavaScript:
External JavaScript deals with placing your JavaScript in a separate .js file and then within the HTML document; one uses the <script> tag with a src attribute to link the whole script. In this way, you will make your html better, and, at the same time, it can be used as a reusable script on all your pages.
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>External JavaScript Example</title> </head> <body> <h1>Welcome to My Website</h1> <button id="myButton">Click Me</button> <script src="script.js"></script> </body> </html>
Here's how you might integrate an external JavaScript file:
In the above example, the script.js file contains the following code:
document.getElementById('myButton').addEventListener('click', function() {
alert('Hello, World!');
});
External JavaScript files provide higher maintenance and structure, considering your code. Aside from that, they stand for caching because browsers can store the .js file so that they do not have to reload it the next time a user visits the page again.
3.Loading Scripts Asynchronously:
Compared with JavaScript will be loaded from the server and started over again, or it may decrease the load on your system resources as the rendering of your web pages will not be delayed if not properly done. Browsers, by default, block HTML parsing after a script tag, which implies that the browser cannot render anything placed after the script even though it was loaded.
To avoid this, you can use the async or defer attributes on the <script> tag:
- Async: This attribute will ask a browser to load and execute the script later without any serial performance. Script loads along with the initiation of HTML parsing; then, it starts execution as soon as it finishes loading without the HTML parsing being fully completed.
<script src="script.js" async></script>
- Defer: The defer attribute enables a sequential process in which script downloading takes place while the HTML is parsed. Parsers interpret the whole of the HTML document first, right before the script starts executing.
<script src="script.js" defer></script>
Both are essential for page performance and user experience; they decrease load times, and the scripts only block page rendering once they are loaded completely.
4.JavaScript Modules:
These days, developers more frequently build websites on the basis of JavaScript modules. Modules are a code hall that can be borrowed and lent between files. Therefore, you can build more comprehensive and useable code.
Here's how to use a module in your HTML:
- Define a module in a separate JavaScript file (e.g., module.js):
export function displayMessage() {
alert('Hello, World!');
}
- Import the module in your HTML file:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript Module Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to My Website</h1>
<button id="myButton">Click Me</button>
<script type="module">
import { displayMessage } from './module.js';
document.getElementById('myButton').addEventListener('click', displayMessage);
</script>
</body>
</html>
Improving feasibility and dependency payoff with modules of JavaScript also simplifies separating concerns. These promoters of modular and reusable code and those that comply with modern construction tools and inclusive build systems.
Creating a Simple Web Page:
HTML, CSS, and JavaScript are acquired and combined to form a single product for the web page-which is interactive and improved over the stages of development. The following way is about how to make a standard web page, where we will observe each step and even add the code snippets of the process.
HTML Structure:
The top of all HTML structures is basically the root of any web page. HTML (Hypertext Mark-up Language) provides the framework for creating the content and layout of the web page. It is created by using special components (or tags) for those different parts of the page.
Here's an example of a simple HTML structure:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>My Simple Web Page</title> </head> <body> <h1>Welcome to My Simple Web Page</h1> <p>This is a paragraph of text.</p> <button id="myButton">Click Me</button> <script src="script.js"></script> </body> </html>
- <!DOCTYPE html>: Declares the document type and version (HTML5 in this case).
- <html>: The root is an element that has all the other HTML elements at its disposal.
- <head>: Meta tags that hold the title of the web page and also where stylesheets or scripts are located.
- <title>: Provides the title of a web page as it is on the browser tab.
- <body>: Hosts the content of the web page, such as headings, paragraphs, and buttons that are normally found on the web page.
CSS for Styling:
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) dictates the way the html documents are styled and are visually appealing. Ye can include CSS inline in the HTML file using <style> tag within the <head> section, or you can link an external CSS file through <link> tag.
Here's an example of inline CSS within the <style> tag:
<head>
<title>My Simple Web Page</title>
<style>
body {
font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
margin: 20px;
}
h1 {
color: blue;
}
button {
background-color: green;
color: white;
padding: 10px 20px;
border: none;
cursor: pointer;
}
</style>
</head>
Below is an example of CSS output that involves styling the body element with a specific font size and margin, the orange color of the h1 heading, and the button element with a green background and padding.
JavaScript for Interactivity:
JavaScript puts a website a step forward by having the website respond to situations and actions through changing of contents and actions put there by the user. In the HTML file, you will embed a link to the external JavaScript file (ProductivityApp.js) using the <script> tag, as shown above.
Here's an example of the content of the external JavaScript file (script.js):
document.getElementById('myButton').addEventListener('click', function() {
alert('Button clicked!');
});
- document.getElementById('myButton'): Selects the one possessing the id as 'myButton' of the element button.
- addEventListener('click', function() {...}): Sets up the event listener to click the event on the button using the function, which is to be triggered when the button is pressed.
- Alert ('Button clicked!'): Let it indicate that a certain message will appear on the screen when the button is clicked.
Bringing It All Together:
After you have been through a number of HTML, CSS, and JavasScript, you see the result of an interactive web page. Here's a summary of the code:
- HTML Structure: This function creates headings, paragraphs, and buttons on the web page to give it the necessary content structure and define the web page structure.
- CSS Styling: It styles the website in a manner that is visually appealing with a logo, fonts, colors, and layout designed for a website.
- JavaScript Interactivity: Operate the internet page with complex actions, such as detecting button clicks. It is an advantage of JavaScript.
The development of a web page involves utilizing the interactions between HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to create a globally accessible website. Following the steps in this tutorial, you can establish a landing page that features a personal greeting placed alongside buttons that react to clicks and simple style schemes.
Let's remember that this is the starting point, and we have to work hard to achieve a better result. With time, you will become proficient and courageous in building a richer web page with a layered HTML structure, design styles, and advanced JavaScript data processing. Try new elements and styles in your attempts, strengthen your skills, and receive more attention from your web visitors.