Total Keywords in C++
In the C++ programming language, keywords work as predefined identifiers with distinct meanings. These terms are reserved and cannot be used as names for variables, functions, or user-defined types since they are essential to the syntax and semantics of the language.
For constructing programs and defining various facets of their behaviour, C++ keywords are crucial. They are the grammar's building blocks and contain terms like "int," "if," "else," "class," and many others. Each word in the language has a specific role and aids developers in expressing their goals succinctly and effectively.
Uses of keywords in C++
In C++, keywords represent particular words with predetermined purposes and meanings. You cannot use them for your names since they are reserved. Instead, they assist you in directing the computer's actions. For example:
- Data sorts: The computer is instructed on how to handle various sorts of data using keywords like "int" (for whole integers) and "float" (for decimal values).
- Control: The words "if" and "else" aid with decision-making within your program. For example, "If this is true, do this." If not, carry out that.
- Loops: Words like "while" and "for" assist in making a particular activity repeatable. For example, "Keep doing this until something changes."
- Functions: You may break your code down into more understandable parts by using words like "void" (no specified type) and "return" (to deliver a result).
- Classes and objects: You may define the characteristics and behaviours of objects by using terms like "class" and "public" to construct blueprints for them.
- Storage and Scope: Terms like "static" and "extern" (for variables declared elsewhere) assist control where and how data is saved.
Advantages of keyword
- Clarity: The language's keywords have well-defined meanings and functions, which makes the code easier to read and self-explanatory. Anytime you see a keyword like "if" or "class," you immediately understand what the code is meant to do.
- Consistency: Using keywords offers a repeatable and standardized method for performing typical programming operations. This homogeneity makes the code easier to understand and lowers the possibility of mistakes.
- Efficiency: A compiler's or interpreter's ability to recognize and handle keywords is often more significant than user-defined names. Faster code execution may result from this effectiveness.
- Error Avoidance: Using keywords decreases the possibility of unintentional variable or function name clashes. Since reserved keywords cannot be used by accident as identifiers, this helps avoid name conflicts.
- Language Features: Keywords present crucial components of language and constructions. For instance, "for" and "while" keywords enable loops, improving the capacity of code to carry out repetitive operations.
- Standardization: Including keywords in the language standard ensures that code written using keywords will run on many systems and compilers. Standardization encourages code dependability.
- Documentation: Keywords serve as anchors for documentation and learning resources. They are frequently employed in tutorials, books, and online resources, making it more straightforward for programmers to access details and illustrations about certain linguistic aspects.
- Code Editors and IDE Support: Code editors and Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) frequently feature auto-completion and syntax highlighting based on keywords, supporting developers in producing proper code quickly.
- Tool Compatibility: Many software analysis and development tools are built to function with keywords. This compatibility improves the ability to analyze, debug, and rework code.
- Future-Proofing: Because keywords are constant throughout language versions, code written using them in earlier iterations can still be understood and maintained in later iterations.
Types of keywords in C++
1. Auto
The "auto" keyword was added to C++ in version 11, enabling automated type inference. It simplifies code and increases type safety by allowing the compiler to determine a variable's data type based on its initialization value.
2. Const
The "auto" keyword was added to C++ in version 11, enabling automated type inference. It simplifies code and increases type safety by allowing the compiler to determine a variable's data type based on its initialization value.
3. Break
In C++, the "break" keyword ends a loop or switch expression early. It offers a way to avoid repetitive or conditional execution by ending the current loop iteration or exiting the switch block when it is found. This allows program control to shift to the statement that follows the loop or switch.
4. Continue
The "continue" keyword in C++ can be used inside loops to skip the last part of the current iteration and move on to the next iteration, thereby neglecting the remaining code inside the loop for that specific iteration. It's frequently used to avoid leaving the loop while skipping some criteria or actions.
5. Double
The "double" keyword in C++ is used to specify a floating-point data type with double precision. It uses more memory than "float" but is more accurate in representing real values. Typically employed where accuracy is critical, such as in scientific and technical applications requiring precision to decimal digits.
6. If
The "if" keyword in C++ is used to provide conditional branching. A particular code block may be executed if a specific condition is satisfied. The code inside the "if" block is skipped if the condition evaluates to false, enabling programs to take actions and run multiple code pathways depending on particular situations.
7. Int
In C++, integer data types are declared using the "int" keyword. It is a basic data type in the language that represents entire integers. For instance, the expression "int x = 5;" indicates that the integer variable "x" should have the value 5.
8. Return
In C++, the "return" keyword is used to end a function and provide the caller a value. It is necessary for displaying the outcome of an operation or computation made by a function. The type of the returned value must match the function's specified return type for the caller code to get the data.
9. Switch
The switch keyword in C++ can be used for conditional execution, which depends on an expression's value. It makes it possible to take a branch to specified code snippets of content or "cases" corresponding to compatible values. It provides a helpful substitute for lengthy chains of "if-else" statements and is frequently used for multiple-choice selections.
10. Default
A switch statement in C++ uses the "default" keyword. It indicates a portion of code to run when none of the case labels matches the value of the switch expression. The "default" case acts as a fallback, enabling you to manage circumstances that are not provided or unexpected gracefully.
11. While
In C++, the "while" keyword starts a control structure called a "while loop." While a certain condition is met, a block of code is constantly executed. It's a crucial component for developing loops in programming that keep running until a particular situation is no longer true.
12. Class
In C++, the "class" keyword is used to specify a template for building objects with specific properties (data members) and behaviours (member functions). It combines data and functions into a single entity, enabling object-oriented programming concepts for modelling actual things and preserving data integrity through encapsulation.
13. Virtual
In C++, polymorphism and inheritance are combined with the "virtual" keyword. It shows that functions from derived classes may override a base class function. By enabling dynamic binding, the right function from a derived class may be utilized depending on the type of the runtime object.
14. Friend
The "friend" keyword in C++ gives access to hidden or protected members of a class to non-member functions or classes. This improves encapsulation and control while keeping flexibility in particular situations by enabling external functions or classes to collaborate closely with the class.
15. Inline
The "inline" keyword in C++ instructs the compiler to consider a function as an integral part of the calling code rather than an independent function. This optimization lowers the cost associated with function calls, which may enhance program performance—especially for simple, frequently used routines.
16. Typedef
In C++, the 'typedef' keyword makes synonyms for data types, enabling programmers to construct unique, more compelling names for existing kinds. Giving complicated or frequently used data types meaningful names makes the code more self-explanatory and simple, improving readability and maintainability.
17. Mutable
The "mutable" keyword in C++ is utilized to change member variables inside of a const-qualified member function. It provides flexibility for specific situations when internal state modification is required by allowing altering data members while maintaining the const-correctness of the member function.
18. Static_cast
A C++ keyword for explicit type conversions is "static_cast." While compiling, it accurately translates between related data types, such as numeric types or pointers. When type conversion is well-defined and secure, it can prevent type-related mistakes.
19. Try
In C++, the "try" keyword is used to start a try block, a container for code that could produce exceptions. It is followed by "catch" blocks that, if any particular exceptions arise, manage them gracefully and permit the program to continue running.
20. Volatile
The C++ "volatile" keyword denotes that a variable may be changed externally, frequently by hardware or other program elements. Every access is made as intended since it prevents compiler optimization that would assume the variable is unchanged.
21. Bool
In C++, the "bool" keyword defines a Boolean data type that only accepts the values "true" or "false." It provides a straightforward method to manage program flow and make binary decisions in code and is vital for conditional expressions, decision-making, and logical operations.
22. Private
The access specifier "private" is used in class declarations in C++. It restricts access to members of the class who have been defined under it and makes them unavailable outside the class. A fundamental idea in object-oriented programming is that information hiding is encouraged, and this encapsulation improves data protection.
23. Protected
The "protected" keyword in C++ acts as an access modifier. It offers a certain level of encapsulation and inheritance control by allowing member variables and methods to be accessible within the class and its derived classes. It permits use in inherited classes while ensuring limited access to external scopes.
24. Public
The access specifier "public" is used in class declarations in C++. It indicates that class members designated as "public" can be immediately accessed and edited outside the class. With this term, encapsulation is made easier, allowing for regulated access to a class's interface while preserving data privacy.
25. Union
In C++, the "union" keyword enables the construction of a data structure that can accommodate many data types in the same amount of memory. When various types of data have similar memory needs, it helps with memory optimization and encourages effective memory utilization.
26. Typeid
In C++, the 'typeid' keyword determines the type of an expression or object during runtime. It provides a 'type_info' object that may be used by the program to check the actual type and do out actions using types.
27. Void
The "void" keyword defines a function that doesn't return a value or doesn't have a return value. It's frequently used for processes that carry out operations without generating a result. For example, the word "void" is used in the function declaration "void noreturnfunction()" to indicate that "noreturnfunction" doesn't return any data when it is called.
28. Delete
The "delete" keyword in C++ is used to release memory that was previously dynamically created with "new." By reallocating the memory linked to an object, it enables programs to use memory effectively and helps prevent memory leaks.
29. Reinterpret_cast
The C++ type conversion operator "reinterpret_cast" enables low-level, risky type conversions. It allows for the explicit reinterpretation of data representation by converting any pointer type into any other pointer type and integral types into pointer types. 'reinterpret_cast' must be used with extreme caution.
30. Register
The C++ "register" keyword tells the compiler to put a variable in a processor register for quicker access. However, because current compilers are typically better at optimizing variables on their own, utilizing "register" is no longer as important as it once was, and it is rarely used nowadays.
31. Using
The "using" keyword is used in C++ to make the code simpler and easier to read and understand. The current scope can be expanded by developers by adding a name or symbol from another namespace. For instance, "using namespace std;" eliminates the need for repeating qualifiers like "std::cout" and allows direct access to objects of the "std" namespace. While useful, "using" directives must be cautiously used to prevent name conflicts.
32. Type name
The "type name" keyword in C++ is used to clarify that a dependent name, such as a type included within a template, refers to a type. It supports the compiler in recognizing that a specific object is a type rather than a variable or function. This keeps things clear and guarantees proper code compilation, especially in template-based programming.
33. Static_assert
The C++ keyword "static_assert" verifies a condition during compilation. If the requirement is unsatisfied, a compilation error with a unique message is generated. It aids in the early detection of problems and guarantees that particular conditions or restrictions are satisfied before code execution.
34. Atomic_commit
In C++, as of my most recent knowledge update in September 2021, the "atomic_commit" keyword is not a default keyword. It can be connected to a particular compiler extension or library added after that. To understand the purpose and usage of the specific library or compiler you are using, please refer to the documentation or reference materials for it.
35. Co_return
In C++, coroutines are utilized using the "co_return" keyword. It identifies the points at which a coroutine should maintain its state while handing over control to the caller. It's similar to a bookmark instructing you to "Pause here and remember where to resume later."
36. Extern
The 'extern' keyword in C++ declares variables and functions in various code sections or distinct source files. It informs the compiler that the variable or function already exists elsewhere and should be utilized without being redefined. This is useful to avoid duplicating the declaration of a variable or function across many files, cutting down on repetition and guaranteeing code consistency.
37. Alignas
In C++, the 'alignas' keyword is used to manage how data structures or variables are spaced out in memory (or aligned). For improved speed or device compatibility, you can define how data should be organized in memory. The usage of "alignas" allows you to guarantee that data is saved at particular memory locations, which is helpful for things like streamlining data access for quicker execution or making sure that the alignment is correct for hardware requirements.
38. Asm
Programmers can directly introduce assembly language code into their C++ programs using the 'asm' keyword. It is utilized when low-level control or specific hardware-related tasks are necessary. Although it allows for the writing of assembly instructions within C++ code, allowing programmers to communicate with the hardware directly, it usually needs to be more portable and understandable than pure C++ code.
39. Concept
The "concept" keyword in C++ provides a list of conditions or restrictions that a type must meet. It helps guarantee that a particular type used in a template satisfies specific requirements, enhancing the readability and safety of the code. Think of it as a mechanism to define the characteristics a variety should possess, making it simpler to deal with templates and avoiding unexpected compilation failures.
40. Expect
The 'noexcept' keyword in C++ indicates that a function won't throw any exceptions while running. The method is meant to handle all probable mistakes internally, which informs the compiler and makes the code more dependable and effective. This keyword helps program speed optimization by enabling the compiler to make specific exception-handling assumptions, resulting in quicker code execution.
41. Struct
In C++, the "struct" keyword is used to build a user-defined data type that collects several variables, each of which may have a distinct data type. You might think of it as creating your unique container to hold related data, and it would let you access these variables with just one struct name. Similar to classes but having elements that are by default accessible to the public, structures are frequently used to describe straightforward data structures.
42. Template
The "template" keyword in C++ enables you to design generic classes and functions. It functions as a blueprint that can handle various data kinds. Utilizing templates allows you to create code only once and use it for multiple data types, increasing the flexibility and reuse of your programs. When writing classes or methods that can operate on floats, integers, or other data types without repeating code, templates come in helpful.
43. Requires
In C++, requirements or restrictions on template arguments are specified using the "requires" keyword. It helps ensure that a template may only be instantiated using types that meet particular requirements. For example, you may use "requires" to determine whether a template parameter is a specific type or has a given set of member functions. Limiting the kinds used with a template helps prevent template mistakes and improves your code.
44. Or_eq
The 'or_eq' keyword in C++ functions as a bitwise OR assignment operator. It is used to bitwise OR two values together and then store the outcome into the left operand. In this case, 'a or_eq b' would compute 'a | b' (bitwise OR of 'a' and 'b'), assigning the result back to 'a'. It's a shortcut for doing a bitwise OR operation while changing the value of a variable.
45. Nullptr
The 'nullptr' keyword in C++ provides a secure and clear method of indicating a null or empty pointer. It's a more recent substitute for using "NULL" or "0." Because it makes it obvious that you're working with a null pointer, the programming function "nullptr" helps prevent some specific programming mistakes. It increases code clarity and dependability by making it easier to discern between an actual memory address and an empty one.
46. Signed
The "signed" keyword in C++ is used to specify data types like "int" as signed integers. When compared to their "unsigned" equivalents, signed integers can represent both positive and negative entire numbers, while "unsigned" integers can only represent zero or positive values. The "signed" keyword helps define the possible range of values for a variable, guaranteeing that it can handle both positive and negative values.
47. Xor_eq
The bitwise XOR function "xor" is used in C++ and is denoted by the symbol "^". This operator's standard component, "eq", is absent here. It would be necessary to know the precise meaning of "xor_eq" in the code to understand it completely.
48. Constexpr
The C++ keyword "context" is used to instruct the compiler that the value of a variable or function can be determined at compile time rather than run time. By guaranteeing that specific values are known and fixed before compilation, it facilitates efficient and safer code while minimizing runtime overhead. This makes it possible to improve performance-critical code and allow programs to behave more predictably.
49. Co_await
A C++ feature for asynchronous programming is called "co_await". This prevents the entire program from being blocked while functions wait for an operation to finish. Similar to waiting for a friend's SMS message, your program can carry out other tasks while you wait for a response. This enables programs to cope with time-consuming processes like network queries or file loading more responsively and effectively.
50. Co_yield
A C++ feature called "co_yield" is utilized with coroutines. It enables a function to stop running while returning a value to the caller without losing state. As a result, asynchronous activities, such as handling concurrent processes, may be handled using code that is more effective and legible. Simply, it makes it simpler and more organized to manage time-consuming processes, including waiting for data.
51. Decltype
The C++ keyword "decltype" aids in identifying the type of an expression or variable without actually analyzing it. When you don't want to run the code but want to know the data type of a result or an expression, it might be helpful. It's similar to asking, "What kind of this?" It makes it easier to write more adaptable and reliable code.
52. Bitor
The "bitor" operator ('|') in C++ performs bitwise OR operations between specific bits of two integers. This operation compares the equivalent bits in two numbers when it is used, and if either or both of the input bits are 1, it changes the outcome bit to 1. It is frequently employed for low-level tasks such as setting or verifying certain flags in binary representations of integers.
53. Alignof
The C++ function 'alignof' determines a data type's least alignment requirements. It informs you of the number of bytes the computer requires to store that particular data type in memory effectively.
54. And
The "and" operator, represented in C++ by the symbol "&&," is a logical operator for combining conditions. It determines if the requirements on its left and right sides are satisfied. The outcome is true if both are true; if not, it is false.
55. Explicit
"Explicit" is a keyword in C++ that prevents automatic type conversions. It prevents the compiler from automatically converting one type to another when creating objects when added to a constructor. This enhances code readability and prevents accidental modifications by guaranteeing that only explicit constructor calls are valid. It makes code more predictable and aids in avoiding errors brought on by unknowingly type conversions.
56. Wchar_t
'wchar_t' is a data type in C++ used for wide characters, which may represent characters from different languages and special symbols. Dealing with internationalization and characters outside the standard ASCII set is especially helpful. Since it can handle a larger variety of characters than normal characters, "wchar_t" is helpful for multilingual text processing but often uses more memory than regular characters.
57. Const_cast
The const qualifier can be removed from a variable or object in C++ using the 'const_cast' function. It enables the brief modification of a constant value, making it programmable within a defined scope. When using libraries or APIs that need non-const data, this is advantageous. Const_cast should only be used with caution, though, to prevent unforeseen consequences and preserve the program's correctness.
58. New
The "new" keyword in C++ is used to allocate dynamic memory. It permits the creation of variables or objects on the heap, a portion of memory distinct from the stack. This makes it possible to allocate memory while data structures like arrays and objects are being used. To avoid memory leaks, it's crucial to combine "new" and "delete" when releasing the memory that has been allocated.
59. Char16_t
The C++ data type "char16_t" represents characters and text as 16-bit units. It is beneficial for managing non-ASCII characters and international language since it can hold more characters than the standard "char" type. This enables it to function more accurately and efficiently while working with different character sets and languages.
60. Do-while
A do-while loop is a type of control structure used in C++ that runs a block of code at least once and then repeats for the duration that a specific condition is true. It's the equivalent of telling someone to "do this and keep doing it while this condition is true." Each cycle ends with a check of the condition.
61. Bitand
The "bitand" bitwise AND operator in C++. It evaluates the equivalent bits in two integers, and only if both of the input bits are 1 does it change the output bit to 1. If not, it sets the result bit to 0 instead. In this case, the result of 5 bits and 3 is 1, as the matching bits, 101 and 011, resulting in 001.
62. Char32_t
The 'char32_t' data type in C++ represents individual characters in a Unicode string. It is made to handle various characters from the Unicode Standard, including emojis and many foreign symbols. Your program is suited for text processing in a global environment since "char32_t" guarantees that it can operate with these various characters correctly.
63. Xor
The caret sign (^) in C++ is the bitwise operator known as XOR (exclusive OR). It stands in contrast to identical bits in two integers. XOR returns 1 if the bits are different and 0 if they are the same. It's frequently used to toggle or flip certain bits in binary integers, which is helpful for operations like data processing, encryption, and flag-toggling.
64. Thread_local
The thread_local in C++ is used for declaring the variables that will have thread-local storage. This shows that each thread has a unique copy of the variable, and the change made by one thread will not affect the other threads. It helps isolate data and avoid conflicts when you need variables exclusive to each thread, such as counters in multi-threaded programs.
65. Or
The logical operator "or" combines two conditions in C++. The "or" operator evaluates to true if either of the criteria is true.
66. Unsigned
The keyword "unsigned" is used in C++ to identify variables that may only hold non-negative whole numbers (integers). "Unsigned" variables, in contrast to conventional "signed" integers, can only store values larger than or equal to zero. This is helpful when it's unnecessary to utilize negative integers since "unsigned" variables may represent greater positive values because they don't have any negative values in their range.
67. Module
A module in C++ functions as a container for related programs. It organizes variables, functions, and other program elements. Code may be better managed and understood by using modules to organize it. To keep your programming area neat and organized, it's like having several boxes with labels on them.
68. And_eq
The bitwise AND assignment operator in C++ is called "and_eq." The result is assigned to the left operand after performing a bitwise AND operation between the two values. 'A and_eq b', for instance, is equivalent to 'A = A & B'. It is a shortened method of combining bitwise AND and assignment operations.
69. Synchronized
The built-in keyword "synchronized" is not present in C++ like in specific other languages. However, synchronization is accomplished by employing tools like mutexes or locks. In multi-threaded programs, they guarantee that only one thread may access an essential component of code or data simultaneously, preventing conflicts and data damage. When numerous threads are simultaneously altering shared resources, synchronization is crucial for thread safety.
70. Not
"Not" is not an independent keyword in C++. Instead, it's frequently employed for deciding if a condition is false as part of logical expressions. To express "if the condition is not true," you may write "if (!condition)." By determining if something is the opposite of what you anticipate and allowing for conditional actions depending on that evaluation, the "Not" operator in C++ aids in creating decisions in your code.
71. Char8_t
The C++ data type "char8_t" was first introduced in C++20 to handle Unicode characters more effectively. Working with different character sets is facilitated by its ability to hold 8-bit Unicode code units explicitly. This sort of character encoding makes it easier to represent each character by a single unit, resulting in improved interoperability with different text processing routines.
72. Const
The C++ keyword "const" is used to make something immutable. When a variable is declared as "const," it signifies that once it has been set, its value cannot be changed. To avoid unintentional modifications and guarantee the value remains constant throughout the program, it's like putting something in stone.
73. False
The term "false" in C++ is a logical value that denotes "not true." To determine if a specific condition or expression is invalid or not satisfied, it is commonly employed in conditional statements. An alternative code path or action is executed when a condition evaluates to "false," which denotes that it is not true or has failed.
74. True
The special keyword "true" in the C++ programming language denotes a Boolean value that represents whether something is true. It helps in decision-making in conditional expressions and statements.
75. Else
The "else" keyword in C++ is a decision-making tool. It is used in conjunction with "if" to form conditional statements. The code included within the "else" block is performed when the condition provided with "if" is false. It enables your program to execute various operations depending on whether a condition is met or not. This helps regulate your program's flow and allows it to react effectively to multiple circumstances.
76. Throw
The C++ keyword "throw" indicates your program has experienced an error or unusual circumstance. You may raise an exception using "throw" when a problem occurs. A suitable "catch" block may be used elsewhere in your code to capture and manage this issue. It helps in mistake management and better-controlled responses to unexpected events.
77. Catch
Errors or exceptions that arise while a program is running are handled using the C++ keyword "catch". "catch" enables the program to react in a controlled manner, such as by displaying a notice or taking necessary action, preventing the program from crashing, when a specific issue arises, such division by zero.
78. Export
In C++, the 'export' keyword indicates that a specific template instantiation should be available in different translation units. It was made available in C++20 to enable modules, enabling effective code separation. It indicates that a template should be available in other program areas, minimizing dependencies across translation units and improving compilation times.
79. Reflex
A C++20 feature called "reflexpr" provides reflection capabilities and enables code to inspect and modify types, classes, and their members at compile time. It is a component of the C++ Metaprogramming framework, allowing for introspection and code creation depending on the design of pre-existing types. By providing access to type information during compilation, this feature makes activities like serialization and creating object factories more simple.
80. This
"The 'this' keyword in C++ refers to the object now used inside a class member function. It aids in separating identically named class members from function arguments. Working with class instances is facilitated by the access to object-specific data and functions provided by "this". In essence, it serves as a pointer to the object, enabling member functions to operate on its characteristics.
81. Static
The "static" keyword in C++ defines variables or functions that maintain their values or characteristics across function calls. It denotes the value of variables being constant throughout function calls. In the case of functions, it indicates that the function is a member of the class rather than an instance, enabling direct class access.
82. Case
A "switch" statement in C++ uses the "case" keyword to define certain choices or conditions. By associating a specific value or phrase with one of the specified circumstances, it aids in controlling the flow of the program. When a match is discovered, the relevant case's code is run. By creating a set of options within your program, various scenarios may be handled more easily.
83. Char
The char is the keyword in C++ used for character data type. The representation of a character includes symbols, letters, and numbers. It is advantageous to work with text and characters in C++ programs because "char" allows you to define variables that hold individual characters.
84. Consteval
In C++, a function can be marked as "constant evaluated" using the "consteval" keyword. It advises the compiler that the runtime assessment of the function needs to be revised. As a result, the compiler will be able to optimize some computations when compiling, which can assist in increasing code efficiency. 'consteval' is a helpful tool for performance-sensitive programming since it makes sure that the function's logic is carried out during compilation.
85. Enum
The "enum" keyword in C++ is used to build enumerations, which are similar to lists of named values. By providing names to specific numbers or values, it improves the readability of code. For instance, you might make an enum for days of the week so that in your code, you could use names like "Monday," "Tuesday," and so on rather than numbers. Enums make it simpler to read and maintain your code.
86. Dynamic_cast
The 'dynamic_cast' keyword in C++ is used for securely passing pointers or references from a base class to a derived class. It's similar to verifying that it is secure to convert a general shape into a particular circle and that the conversion is accurate. When something is unsafe, it returns a null pointer for pointers or raises the 'bad_cast' exception for references.
87. Float
The "float" keyword in C++ is used to specify a data type that can include decimal integers having a fractional portion. It works well for displaying actual values like 3.14 or 0.5. However, it has less accuracy than "double," and the "float" data type utilizes less memory. It works well in tasks like graphics or simulations when accuracy is not a top priority.
88. For
In C++, loops are made using the "for" keyword, allowing you to repeat an array of instructions several times. Update, condition, and initialization make up its three components. You establish the initial value, choose the end point of the loop, and indicate the evolution of the value through time. It's a helpful method for managing everyday tasks in your program.
89. Goto
'Goto' is a control statement in C++ that enables a program to jump to a labelled portion of code. Due to its ability to produce unstructured and challenging-to-maintain code, its use is usually recommended. Most current programming techniques minimize the necessity for "goto" by encouraging organized control flow via loops, conditionals, and functions. It can, however, be intelligently applied in certain situations for particular control flow requirements.
90. Long
In C++, the keyword "long" is used to specify a data type that represents integers with greater flexibility than the standard "int." It frequently uses up more memory and offers a wider range of values. When working with huge amounts of numerical data, "long int" or "long" can contain bigger whole numbers; however, its size varies depending on the system (for example, "long" is 4 or 8 bytes on most systems).
91. Not_eq
The 'not_eq' predefined function can be used in C++ instead of the '!=' operator. When comparing inequality between two values, variables, or phrases, it is frequently used. 'not_eq' can be used to improve code readability and maintain consistency in coding styles, even though '!=' is more frequently used for this purpose. This is especially true when exact coding standards or guidelines are followed.
92. Namespace
A namespace in C++ is a container for an array of related variables, functions, or classes. Offering a distinct context for these items helps prevent name conflicts. To avoid naming conflicts and to enhance code organization, you may, for example, keep your math-related functions distinct from other portions of your code by using a "math" namespace.
93. Short
In C++, the data type modifier "short" defines integer variables with a smaller range than "int." It can be used when memory conservation is crucial, such as when working with big arrays of integers that don't require the entire range of an "int" data type because it generally takes up less memory. Typically, a "short" integer requires two bytes of storage.