Operating System Tutorial

Operating System Tutorial Types of Operating System Evolution of Operating System Functions of Operating System Operating System Properties Operating System Services Components of Operating System Needs of the Operating System

Operating Systems

Linux Operating System Unix Operating System Ubuntu Operating System Chrome Operating Systems Fedora Operating System MAC Operating System MS Windows Operating System Solaris Operating System Cooperative Operating System CorelDRAW Operating System CentOS FreeBSD Operating Systems Batch Operating System MS-DOS Operating System Commercial Mobile Operating Systems

Differences

Difference Between Multi-programming and Multitasking Difference between C-LOOK and C-SCAN Difference between Rotational Latency and Disk Assess Time Trap vs Interrupt Difference between C-SCAN and SSTF Difference between SCAN and FCFS Difference between Seek Time and Disk Access Time Difference between SSTF and LOOK Difference between Process and Program in the Operating System Difference between Protection and Security in Operating System

How To

How to implement Monitors using Semaphores How to Install a Different Operating System on a PC

Questions

What is Kernel and Types of Kernel What is DOS Operating System What is Thread and Types of Thread What is Process Scheduler and Process Queue What is Context Switching What is CPU Scheduling What is Producer-Consumer Problem What is Semaphore in Operating System Monitors in Operating System What is Deadlock What is Paging and Segmentation What is Demand Paging What is Virtual Memory What is a Long term Scheduler What is Page Replacement in Operating System What is BSR Mode What is Convoy Effect What is Job Sequencing in Operating System Why is it critical for the Scheduler to distinguish between I/O-bound and CPU-bound programs Why is there a Need for an Operating System

Misc

Process Management Process State Scheduling Algorithm FCFS (First-come-First-Serve) Scheduling SJF (Shortest Job First) Scheduling Round-Robin CPU Scheduling Priority Based Scheduling HRRN (Highest Response Ratio Next) Scheduling Process Synchronization Lock Variable Mechanism TSL Mechanism Turn Variable Mechanism Interested Variable Mechanism Deadlock Avoidance Strategies for Handling Deadlock Deadlock Prevention Deadlock Detection and Recovery Resource Allocation Graph Banker’s Algorithm in Operating System Fixed Partitioning and Dynamic Partitioning Partitioning Algorithms Disk Scheduling Algorithms FCFS and SSTF Disk Scheduling Algorithm SCAN and C-SCAN Disk Scheduling Algorithm Look and C-Look Disk Scheduling Algorithm File in Operating System File Access Methods in Operating System File Allocation Method Directory Structure in Operating System N-Step-SCAN Disk Scheduling Feedback Queue in Operating System Contiguous Memory Allocation in Operating System Real-time Operating System Starvation in Operating System Thrashing in Operating System 5 Goals of Operating System Advantages of Operating System Advantages of UNIX Operating System Bit Vector in Operating System Booting Process in Operating System Can a Computer Run Without the Operating System Dining Philosophers Problem in Operating System Free Space Management in Operating System Inter Process Communication in Operating System Swapping in Operating System Memory Management in Operating System Multiprogramming Operating System Multitasking Operating Systems Multi-user Operating Systems Non-Contiguous Memory Allocation in Operating System Page Table in Operating System Process Scheduling in Operating System Segmentation in Operating System Simple Structure in Operating System Single-User Operating System Two Phase Locking Protocol Advantages and Disadvantages of Operating System Arithmetic operations in binary number system Assemblers in the operating system Bakery Algorithm in Operating System Benefits of Ubuntu Operating System CPU Scheduling Criteria in Operating System Critical Section in Operating System Device Management in Operating System Linux Scheduler in Operating System Long Term Scheduler in Operating System Mutex in Operating System Operating System Failure Peterson\'s Solution in Operating System Privileged and Non-Privileged Instructions in Operating System Swapping in Operating System Types of Operating System Zombie and Orphan Process in Operating System 62-bit operating system Advantages and Disadvantages of Batch Operating System Boot Block and Bad Block in Operating System Contiguous and Non - Contiguous Memory Allocation in Operating System Control and Distribution Systems in Operations Management Control Program in Operating System Convergent Technologies in Operating System Convoy Effect in Operating System Copy Operating Systems to SSD Core Components of Operating System Core of UNIX Operating System Correct Value to return to the Operating System Corrupted Operating System Cos is Smart Card Operating System Cosmos Operating Systems Examples Generation of Operating System Hardware Solution in Operating System Process Control Block in Operating System Function of Kernel in Operating System Operating System Layers History of Debian Operating Systems Branches and Architecture of Debian Operating Systems Features and Packages of Debian Operating Systems Installation of Operating System on a New PC Organizational Structure and Development in Debian Operating Systems User Interface in Operating System Types Of Memory in OS Operating System in Nokia Multilevel Paging in OS Memory Mapping Techniques in OS Memory Layout of a Process in Operating System Hardware Protection in Operating System Functions of File Management in Operating System Core of Linux Operating System Cache Replacement Policy in Operating System Cache Line and Cache Size in Operating System Kernel I/O Subsystem Security Management in Operating System Bare Machine in Operating System Mutual Exclusion in Operating system Cycle Stealing in the Operating System Cost and Support for the User Operating System Assembly operating system Course Objectives and Outcomes of Operating System Cost of Windows 7 Operating System Cost of UNIX Operating System Cots Operating System Cost of Windows 10 Operating System Artificial Intelligence Operating System Download Artificial intelligence assistant operating system AROS Research Operating System Deadlock Detection in Distributed Systems Process Management in Operating System (OS) Robotics Operating System SSD Caching Tails Operating System Computer Assisted Coding System (CACS) Disk Operating System File Management in Operating System What is the Importance of Operating Systems? Kernel Data Structure Operating System Security All Dos Commands with Explanation Lineage OS Symbian OS Bharat OS ChromeOS Flex Clustered operating system Concurrency in Operating System Monolithic structure in the operating system Oxygen Operating System System calls in the operating system (OS) System program in OS Application Programs in OS Shared Devices in Operating Systems Address Binding in the Operating System Disk Controller in the Operating System Dual-mode Operations in the Operating System Multilevel Queue Scheduling in Operating System Pixel OS POP!_OS Spooling in the Operating System Dead Operating System Difference Between Dual Core and Octa Core Processors Kolibri OS Mageia Operating System Operating System Hardening Blade Server in Operating System Classification of Operating System CNK Operating System Difference between FAT32, exFAT, and NTFS File Systems DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PRIORITY INVERSION AND PRIORITY INHERITANCE DUAL MODE OPERATIONS IN OS File Models in Distributed Operating System MICROKERNEL Monolithic Kernel and key differences from Microkernel Multi-Process Operating System Objectives of the Operating System Parallel System in Operating System What is an OLE Object?

Lineage OS

LineageOS is an Android-based operating system with a sizable free and open-source software component for mobile devices, tablet computers, and set-top boxes. It is the successor of CyanogenMod, which was cloned in December 2016 when Cyanogen Inc. said it would no longer be developing the project and shut down the infrastructure sustaining it. Because Cyanogen Inc. still had the rights to the term Cyanogen, the team changed the fork's name to LineageOS.

On December 24, LineageOS's source code was formally published and is available on GitHub and GitLab. Oneplus is one of the most popular phones, with one million customers, according to sources from March 2017.

The competition LineageOS is well-known in the field of specialized Android development. It was created to take the role of CyanogenMod and currently supports a wide range of devices, allowing enthusiasts to optimize and customize their systems without being restricted by heavy skins. A big update based on Android 13 was revealed by the LineageOS team as LineageOS 20.

Version History:

  • In a blog post following the formal announcement, the first 14.1 and 13.0 official versions began to be made available on January 22, 2017.
  • Version 13.0 was discontinued on February 11th, 2018. However, the source code is still accessible, and security patches are still being sent to Gerrit.
  • Following a formal introduction, the first 15.1 version of official builds began to be made available on some devices on February 26, 2018. Lineage OS 14.1 was supposed to continue to be actively developed but without new additions.
  • Version 14.1 was terminated on February 24, 2019, and the 15.1 builds switched to a weekly cadence.
  • Following a formal announcement, the first 16.0 official versions became accessible on March 1st. Although there were no new features added, the 15.1 version was still in active development.
  • The 15.1 versions were discontinued on February 28, 2020, to make way for the 17.1 release.
  • Following a formal announcement, the initial 17.1 versions became accessible on April 1st, 2020. While the branch continues to be actively developed but without new improvements, the 16.0 versions are switched to a weekly cadence.
  • The 16.0 versions were discontinued on February 16, 2021 to make way for the 18.1 release.
  • Following a formal announcement, the initial 18.1 versions became accessible on April 1st, 2021. Development on the 17.1 version is still ongoing.
  • The 17.1 versions were discontinued on February 16, 2022 to make way for the launch of version 19.
  • Following a formal announcement, the first version 19.1 was made available on April 26th, 2022. Work on the 18.1 version is still ongoing.
  • The first version 20 Gerrit fixes were made available on August 22nd, 2022, awaiting formal notification. Version 18.1 and 19.1 branch is still under active development.
  • Following a formal announcement, the first version 20 was launched on December 31st, 2022. The 18.1 and 19.1 version is still being developed.

Lineage OS Apps:

There are several apps of Lineage OS. Some of them are as follows:

  • Aperture: Aperture is brand new camera software built using Google's CameraX framework and maintained by a number of LineageOS developers. With the arrival of LineageOS 20, it took the place of Snap and Camera2.
  • AudioFX: AudioFX is an audio enhancer with presets that change the listening environment.
  • Browser: Jelly is a lightweight browser for low-end devices that uses the system web view.
  • Calculator: It offers some more complex functions while resembling a four-function calculator.
  • Clock: It includes a stopwatch, alarms, a countdown timer, and a world clock.
  • Contacts: Phonebook with numbers and email addresses under contacts.
  • Files: It is a straightforward file manager for internal storage, or an SD card that allows you to copy, move, and rename files.
  • Flip Flap: Flip Flap is a limited-edition app for intelligent flip covers.
  • FM Radio: An FM radio tuner-equipped gadget comes with an FM radio listening app.
  • Gallery: It arranges images and movies into albums or a timeline for simple viewing.
  • Messages: It is a communications app that supports MMS and SMS.
  • Music: Eleven is the name of a basic music player.
  • Phone: Call blocking, fast dial, and phone number lookups are all included.
  • Recorder: A recorder is an audio recorder. Prior to version 18.1, it was also capable of screen recording.
  • Trebuchet: An adaptable launcher is the trebuchet.

Present lineage OS Apps:

  • Camera: A video or photo, including a panoramic image, depending on the equipment specifications. You may also utilize it to read QR codes. It's also known as Snap. Aperture has taken its position as the primary app.
  • Clock: A weather widget.
  • Gello: It is a Chromium-based internet browser made by CyanogenMod. Jelly has taken this app's place.
  • Terminal: It is a simple and standard terminal app. It is hidden in the developer setting unless enabled.
  • Themes: Originally an app by itself, now integrated into the settings app.
  • Underground Weather Provider: A weather provider.
  • Yahoo Weather Provider: A weather provider.

Features of LineageOS 20:

There are various features in lineageOS 20. Some of them are as follows:

  • The security updates for LineageOS 17.1 through 20 cover the period from April 2022 to December 2022.
  • Now, LineageOS has a brand-new photography program called Aperture. It is based on Google's incredible CameraX library and delivers a much more "to stock" camera app experience on many devices. Exceptional credit goes to the authors of this, SebaUbuntu , LuK1337, and luca020400, and to designer Vazguard and the whole team for their work in integrating it into LineageOS and adapting it for our large range of supported devices.
  • The most recent version of WebView is Chromium 108.0.5359.79.
  • In Android 13, the volume panel was completely rebuilt, and the side pop-out expansion panel was improved.
  • It completely supports Linux 5.10 builds with complete out-of-tree module support to comply with current AOSP standards.
  • Numerous repairs and enhancements have been made to the AOSP Gallery app via the Lineage branch.
  • Numerous bug fixes and enhancements have been made to the Updater app, along with a stylish new Android TV look.
  • Back upstream, the Seed Vault backup app has more alterations and enhancements.
  • The Recorder app has been modified so that it can take advantage of Android's built-in capabilities while still offering the LineageOS features you've come to expect.

1. Much of the app's architecture was changed.

2. It has been added material that you support.

3. There have been several threading fixes, and the high-quality recorder (WAV format) now supports stereo.

  • Unlike Google's ad-enabled launcher, Android TV releases now include an ad-free Android TV launcher that also supports Google TV-style builds. Moving forward, they are considering switching to this launcher on compatible devices.
  • Many Google TV features (like the Two-Panel Settings app, which has a much more pleasing appearance) have been transferred to LineageOS Android TV releases.
  • More third-party root systems may be used because the adb_root service is no longer dependent on the build type property.
  • The merging procedure for Android Security Bulletins has been substantially simplified due to the extensive rewrite of merge scripts. Supporting devices with complete source releases, such as Pixel smart phones, have also benefited from this improvement.
  • LLVM has been completely adopted and built by default, using the LLVM integrated assembler and the LLVM bin-utils.
  • For Android 13, Setup Wizard has been updated with a new style and a more fluid user interface.

Lineage OS 20, a new default camera app:

  • You could have been dissatisfied if you've ever used LineageOS default camera app. The software, named Snap, was a hack of Qualcomm's own camera app, and later they switched to using Camera2, the standard AOSP camera app. Although it's a simple program, it does the job, but most people won't find it useful due to the significance of Aperture.
  • Aperture makes use of the CameraX API, which has recently advanced to the point that a whole camera app may utilize it. It enables Aperture to use the following functions:
  • Support for auxiliary cameras (device administrators must allow it):

1. Controls for video frame rates.

2. Complete control over the parameters for electronic and optical image stabilization.

3. A leveling tool to measure the angle of the device orientation.

For those who are unaware, Google's CameraX library promises to make the creation of camera apps for Android simpler. On the surface, it encases Camera2, an API that enables apps to examine a device's camera capabilities under the condition that the OEM exposes such capabilities to the API. Device makers have the option of including CameraX-compliant extension libraries with their phones, which enable third-party developers to easily use native camera functions to lessen the fragmentation of camera features.