Fmod in C
Introduction:
The fmod function is included in the math.h> library in C programming determines the floating-point residual of dividing two values. It represents the term "floating-point modulus." A dividend, or the amount being divided, and a divisor, or the amount of money through which the dividend amount is being divided, are the two parameters the fmod function accepts.
Syntax:
#include <math.h>
double fmod(double dividend, double divisor);
Parameter:
The arguments and the result that is returned are broken down as follows:
Dividend: The amount you wish to split is this.
Divisor: You wish to divide the payout by this particular integer.
Using floating-point arithmetic, the fmod function determines the remaining when the dividend has been divided by the divisor. The residue is represented with a floating-point value as a result.
Example:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
int main() {
double dividend = 17.5;
double divisor = 4.3;
double remainder = fmod(dividend, divisor);
printf("The remainder of %.2lf divided by %.2lf is %.2lf\n", dividend, divisor, remainder);
return 0;
}
Output:
![Fmod in C](https://static.tutorialandexample.com/c/fmod-in-c1.png)
Parameters:
In C, the fmod function requires two double-type parameters:
- x: This is the division operation's numerator or dividend. When split by the divisor, this is the number whose residual you wish to find.
- y: The division operation's divisor and denominator is this. It is the number that you should use to divide the payout to get the remainder.
The function signature is as follows:
double fmod(double x, double y);
When using the fmod function, the integer you wish to obtain the remainder for is represented by x, and the divisor by which the division operation is carried out is represented by y. The function calculates and returns the remainder from the division x / y.
Different methods of using fmod:
Using User Input
Program:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
int main() {
double dividend, divisor;
printf("Enter the dividend: ");
scanf("%lf", ÷nd);
printf("Enter the divisor: ");
scanf("%lf", &divisor);
double remainder = fmod(dividend, divisor);
printf("Method 2: The remainder of %.2lf divided by %.2lf is %.2lf\n", dividend, divisor, remainder);
return 0;
}
Output:
![Fmod in C](https://static.tutorialandexample.com/c/fmod-in-c2.png)
Calculating Remainders for an Array of Numbers
Program:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
int main() {
double numbers[] = {12.7, 8.9, 5.4, 9.1};
double divisor = 3.0;
printf("Method 3: Remainders for an array of numbers divided by %.2lf:\n", divisor);
for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(numbers) / sizeof(numbers[0]); i++) {
double remainder = fmod(numbers[i], divisor);
printf("Number %.2lf: Remainder %.2lf\n", numbers[i], remainder);
}
return 0;
}
Output:
![Fmod in C](https://static.tutorialandexample.com/c/fmod-in-c3.png)
Using a Loop to Find the Smallest Integer Multiple
Program:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
int main() {
double dividend = 24.5;
double divisor = 7.0;
double remainder = fmod(dividend, divisor);
while (remainder > 1.0) {
dividend += 0.1;
remainder = fmod(dividend, divisor);
}
printf("Method 4: The smallest multiple of %.2lf greater than %.2lf that leaves a remainder less than 1.0 is %.2lf\n", divisor, dividend - 0.1, dividend);
return 0;
}
Output:
![Fmod in C](https://static.tutorialandexample.com/c/fmod-in-c4.png)
Comparison with other functions:
- fmod vs. remainder:
To get the remainder of the division operation using floating-point integers, one can utilize both remainder and fmod. They behave differently in a few ways, though:
- Functional Model:
dual remainder: double remainder (double x, double y);
fmod: double fmod(double x, double y);
- Managing Negative Dividends:
fmod maintains the dividend's sign. fmod(-5.0, 3.0), for instance, would produce -2.0.
Like fmod, remaining also maintains the dividend's sign.
- How to Handle a Negative Divisor
When working with negative divisors, both remainder and fmod behavior is constant.
- Conduct about NaN with Infinite Values:
The behavior of these functions with NaN or infinite values as arguments need to be described.
- Precision and Accuracy:
Regarding accuracy and managing extremely big or small numbers, fmod and remainder may act differently. The implementation may determine the precise behavior.
- fmod vs. % (Modulus Operator):
When computing the remainder of an integer division, the modulus operator % is utilized. It is how it contrasts with fmod:
- Application:
With floating-point numbers, fmod is utilized.
Integers are utilized with %.
- Operator vs. Function:
One function derived from the math.h library is called fmod.
An operator included in the C language is %.
- Action:
Because fmod can handle floating-point values, it can be used when remaining and non-integer divisions are necessary.
When working with floating-point values, % should not be utilized as intended for integer arithmetic.
- Excitement:
Fixing floating-point accuracy problems is handled via fmod.
Because % only works with integers, it removes certain accuracy issues, which is inappropriate for floating-point calculations.
- A hint of what's left:
% maintains the dividend's sign, just like remainder and fmod do.
- Apply Cases:
When working with floating-point mathematics and needing to calculate remainders precisely, fmod comes in handy.
% is appropriate for computations of simple integer remainders.
NOTE: Considering the difficulties associated with floating-point arithmetic, fmod is particularly made for handling floating-point values and computing their remainders. Although the remainder function accomplishes the same goal, implementations may behave differently. However, the % operator is not appropriate for floating-point operations and is instead used for computing integer remainders. The specifics of your computations and the kinds of numbers you're dealing with will determine which functions you should use.
Conclusion
Best Practises: To reduce accuracy concerns, it is advised to utilize fmod sparingly and consider other options, like scaling values or using integer arithmetic when needed.
Use and Purpose: The fmod function is part of the math.h library determines the residual that results from dividing a floating-point dividend by a divisor. When handling non-integer division and floating-point accuracy issues, it is very helpful.
Function Signature: The dividend and divisor amount are the two double-type arguments that the fmod function accepts. The remaining division operation is returned as a double.
Division and Remainders: When utilizing the fmod function, it is important to comprehend the mathematical ideas of division and remainders. The residual is the amount left over after the dividend is split equally several times, as determined by the divisor.
Accuracy and Restraints: The floating-point accuracy of fmod dictates its operation. It could show accuracy limits and rounding issues, particularly when dealing with big or small numbers. Accurate results depend on how NaN, infinite values, and zero division circumstances are handled.
Comparison with Other Functions: the rest of the function and the % operator can be used to compare fmod. While the remainder has the same function, implementations may behave differently. Because it only applies to integer arithmetic, the % operator shouldn't be used with floating-point quantities.
Use Cases: fmod is useful in various situations, such as fractional remainder computations in financial statements, physics simulations, graphics computer programming, and other contexts. It provides a harmony between precision and floating-point intricacy.